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Cixius (Pseudocixius) Caldwell, 1950

(according to FLOW data updated on July 6 2025)
This synthesis is built dynamically and automatically from data in FLOW. They might be incomplete!
Help to make this synthesis more relevant by reporting and sending missing referenced data to FLOW.

1. Cixius (Pseudocixius) Caldwell, 1950 taxonomy

Cixius (Pseudocixius) Caldwell, 1950 is currently considered as a valid taxon of subgenus rank in the family Cixiidae Spinola, 1839 of the Fulgoromorpha. This subgenus was first described by Caldwell J. S. in 1950 in the following paper: New genera and species from Mexico (Homoptera : Fulgoroidea). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 52: 287-290.

It is currently classified in order Hemiptera Linné, 1758, suborder Fulgoromorpha Evans, 1946, superfamily Delphacoidea Leach, 1815, family Cixiidae Spinola, 1839, subfamily Cixiinae Spinola, 1839, tribe Cixiini Spinola, 1839, genus Cixius Latreille, 1804.

Currently 3 species have been described in Cixius (Pseudocixius), as summarized in Table 1.


Table 1. Latest inner classification of Cixius (Pseudocixius) Caldwell, 1950.

The type species of the subgenus is Pseudocixius bandarus Caldwell, 1950.

Cixius (Pseudocixius) is an extant taxon.

2. Cixius (Pseudocixius) Caldwell, 1950 geographical distribution and bioregions

According to the geographical TDWG standard (2001), Cixius (Pseudocixius) Caldwell, 1950 are known from the Nearctic and Neotropical biogeographical regions as defined by Wallace (1876). More precisely, they are distributed in the North American and Panamanian zoogeographic regions as defined by Holt (2013). Figures 1 and 2 display dynamic graphs showcasing the longitudinal and latitudinal profiles of Cixius (Pseudocixius) Caldwell, 1950 arround the across the globe according to their species richness. A scroll on the histogram bars displays the species richness of the corresponding regions.



3. Cixius (Pseudocixius) Caldwell, 1950 biological interactions

As all planthoppers, Cixius (Pseudocixius) Caldwell, 1950 are obligatory phytophagous terrestrial insects; they mainly feed on host plants belonging to the order: Fabales (Fabaceae).
Figure 3a depicts the orders of plants on which Cixius (Pseudocixius) Caldwell, 1950 feeds, and figure 3b the percentage they represent in the diet for the entire subgenus. Figures 4a and 4b do the same more precisely for the family level of these plants.

Figure 3. Information on plants orders used for feeding by Cixius (Pseudocixius) Caldwell, 1950.
Figure 4. Information on plants families used for feeding by Cixius (Pseudocixius) Caldwell, 1950

References:

  • Bourgoin Th. 2025 - FLOW (Fulgoromorpha Lists on The Web): a world knowledge base dedicated to Fulgoromorpha. Version 8, updated 6-July-2025. http://flow.hemiptera-databases.org/flow/
  • Brummitt R. K. 2001 - World geographical scheme for recording plant distributions. Edition 2. TDWG 136pp. updated 08-May-2007. http://www.tdwg.org/standards/109/
  • Caldwell J. S. 1950 - New genera and species from Mexico (Homoptera : Fulgoroidea). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 52: 287-290
  • Holt B. G. et al. 2013 - An Update of Wallace's Zoogeographic Regions of the World. Science, 339: 74-78.
  • Linné C. 1758 - Systema Naturae. Editio Decima, reformata. 1: 824 pp.
  • Wallace A. R. 1876 - The Geographical Distribution of Animals. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.